The goal of rando is to provide easier generating of random numbers in a manner that is context aware, and reproducible.

## Installation

You can install the released version of rando from CRAN with:

install.packages("rando")

You can install the development version of rando from Github with:

install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("MyKo101/rando")

Once installed, to load rando, use

library(rando)

## Example

With rando, generating random numbers becomes incredibly easy, as we do not need to define how many random numbers we need. rando will figure out how many you need based on where the number generator is being used.

This works for tibble() declarations

df <- tibble(id = 1:10,
x = r_norm())
df
#> # A tibble: 10 x 2
#>       id      x
#>    <int>  <dbl>
#>  1     1 -0.365
#>  2     2  0.173
#>  3     3 -0.294
#>  4     4  0.576
#>  5     5  0.875
#>  6     6  0.359
#>  7     7 -0.527
#>  8     8 -0.819
#>  9     9 -0.990
#> 10    10  0.518

and inside of dplyr verbs

mutate(df, y = r_unif())
#> # A tibble: 10 x 3
#>       id      x      y
#>    <int>  <dbl>  <dbl>
#>  1     1 -0.365 0.210
#>  2     2  0.173 0.354
#>  3     3 -0.294 0.317
#>  4     4  0.576 0.0695
#>  5     5  0.875 0.125
#>  6     6  0.359 0.169
#>  7     7 -0.527 0.305
#>  8     8 -0.819 0.601
#>  9     9 -0.990 0.483
#> 10    10  0.518 0.300

Parameters can also be used to define the number of values to return. If parameters are longer than 1, rando will try to return the same number of random values, unless there is a clash between two of the parameters

r_norm(mean = 1:10)
#>  [1] 0.4088105 2.2987041 2.2807546 3.9659070 4.5111552 5.4712253 6.5461452
#>  [8] 6.3708207 7.7550056 8.7627581
r_norm(mean=1:10,sd=1:2)
#> Error: Inconsistent parameter lengths supplied to r_norm()

If you want to manually define the number of random numbers to be generated, there are two ways to do it. The old fashioned way: providing the n argument (this must be named)

r_unif(n=20)
#>  [1] 0.75427791 0.97153547 0.06031924 0.43098427 0.45223070 0.54105261
#>  [7] 0.13882213 0.86252549 0.31421104 0.97247948 0.29288323 0.03809931
#> [13] 0.55187415 0.51237188 0.45841500 0.12699633 0.15236584 0.08755528
#> [19] 0.78088410 0.83223010

Or, if we are generating many random numbers, we can set a default n value to be used globally

set_n(15)
r_norm(mean=3)
#>  [1] 4.001347 2.561471 3.474956 2.312623 2.508933 5.044508 2.586922 3.051763
#>  [9] 1.205965 3.220328 3.575350 4.599801 2.599194 4.300862 2.722302
r_binom(size=3)
#>  [1] 1 2 0 1 3 0 1 2 1 1 3 0 2 2 0

## Safer and replicable

The rando functions also check if parameters being supplied are viable and throws an informative error if not. This is different to the default stats random number generating functions, which may return a lot of NaN values with only a vague warning.

rnorm(n=10,sd=-1)
#> Warning in rnorm(n = 10, sd = -1): NAs produced
#>  [1] NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
r_norm(sd=-1)
#> Error: sd provided to r_norm() must be strictly positive

All rando functions can also take a .seed argument which does one of two things:

• If a numeric is supplied, then rando will set this as the random seed before generating the values
• If a TRUE is supplied, then rando will randomly generate a numeric value to be used.

If .seed is not NULL (the default), then this seed value (supplied or generated) will be attached to the output, and can be extracted with pull_seed()

This allows for greater replicability in results.

r_norm(.seed = 42)
#>  [1]  1.37095845 -0.56469817  0.36312841  0.63286260  0.40426832 -0.10612452
#>  [7]  1.51152200 -0.09465904  2.01842371 -0.06271410  1.30486965  2.28664539
#> [13] -1.38886070 -0.27878877 -0.13332134
#> attr(,"seed")
#> [1] 42
r_norm(.seed = 42)
#>  [1]  1.37095845 -0.56469817  0.36312841  0.63286260  0.40426832 -0.10612452
#>  [7]  1.51152200 -0.09465904  2.01842371 -0.06271410  1.30486965  2.28664539
#> [13] -1.38886070 -0.27878877 -0.13332134
#> attr(,"seed")
#> [1] 42

x <- r_norm(.seed=TRUE)
x
#>  [1] -1.0515017  2.8143380  1.1880200 -1.2010801 -1.1589546 -0.1876997
#>  [7] -0.1515049  0.7168907 -0.2086623 -1.0248107  0.7394365 -0.5944315
#> [13] -1.9588881  0.5869532  0.6124257
#> attr(,"seed")
#> [1] 1020465408

r_norm(.seed=pull_seed(x))
#>  [1] -1.0515017  2.8143380  1.1880200 -1.2010801 -1.1589546 -0.1876997
#>  [7] -0.1515049  0.7168907 -0.2086623 -1.0248107  0.7394365 -0.5944315
#> [13] -1.9588881  0.5869532  0.6124257
#> attr(,"seed")
#> [1] 1020465408

## Blueprints

In order to make simulations easier, rando provides the blueprint() function. This function creates a plan for a simulated dataset using rando functions.

make_tbl <- blueprint(
x = r_norm(),
y = r_norm()
)

make_tbl(n=2)
#> # A tibble: 2 x 2
#>       x     y
#>   <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 -1.89 1.34
#> 2 -2.28 0.913

make_tbl(n=5)
#> # A tibble: 5 x 2
#>        x      y
#>    <dbl>  <dbl>
#> 1  0.316 -0.154
#> 2  1.86   1.46
#> 3 -0.396 -1.42
#> 4 -1.08   0.481
#> 5  1.75   0.323

These blueprints can accept additional arguments and will be generated based on these arguments

make_tbl2 <- blueprint(
x = r_norm(mean=x_mu),
y = r_unif(min=y_min,max=y_max)
)

set_n(10000)
make_tbl2(x_mu = 10, y_min = -10, y_max=-5) %>%
summarise(n = n(), mean_x = mean(x), min_y = min(y), max_y = max(y))
#> # A tibble: 1 x 4
#>       n mean_x min_y max_y
#>   <int>  <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 10000   10.0 -10.0 -5.00

This then allows for quick generation of simulation data using pmap() and analysis using map()

make_sim <- blueprint(
x = r_norm(mean = x_mu),
y = r_norm(mean = 2*x+10, sd = 2)
)

tibble(x_mu = r_unif(n = 5, -10, 10)) %>%
pmap(make_sim, n = 100) %>%
map(lm, formula = y ~ x) %>%
map_dfr(broom::tidy)
#> # A tibble: 10 x 5
#>    term        estimate std.error statistic  p.value
#>    <chr>          <dbl>     <dbl>     <dbl>    <dbl>
#>  1 (Intercept)     9.29     1.35       6.89 5.45e-10
#>  2 x               1.92     0.202      9.48 1.60e-15
#>  3 (Intercept)     8.69     0.723     12.0  5.58e-21
#>  4 x               2.38     0.193     12.3  1.32e-21
#>  5 (Intercept)    10.6      0.726     14.6  2.91e-26
#>  6 x               1.82     0.252      7.20 1.22e-10
#>  7 (Intercept)    10.1      0.770     13.1  3.20e-23
#>  8 x               2.06     0.202     10.2  4.72e-17
#>  9 (Intercept)     9.78     0.426     22.9  3.54e-41
#> 10 x               1.68     0.218      7.72 1.02e-11

## Distribution Functions

The majority of random number generating functions from the stats package have been translated into rando functions. Be sure to look into the documentation for the rando functions you use, as some have re-parametrised. Functions names for transitioning from stats to rando generally follow the same naming convention, that is r*() becomes r_*(), e.g. r_norm() replaces rnorm(). The only exceptions are r_tdist() and r_fdist() to take over the roles of rt() and rf(), respectively. rando also includes several new distributions such as r_bern() and r_letters().

## Arbitrary Distributions

The r_cdf() function is a dynamic random number generator. It can take any cdf as an argument and produce random numbers with the associated distribution.

my_fun <- function(x,beta=1){
if_else(x < 0, 0, 1-exp(-beta*x))
}

set_n(1000)
x_data <- r_cdf(my_fun)

hist(x_data,breaks=seq(0,10,0.1))

Any additional arguments used by the function, can be passed to r_cdf(), and will be used in determining the number of values to generate (just as in the other distribution functions above)

r_cdf(my_fun,beta=1:10)
#>  [1] 1.59363151 0.01710057 0.51777959 0.10563731 0.15656352 0.04890561
#>  [7] 0.05313754 0.10311007 0.01916289 0.09977221

Finally, purrr-style functions can be used for r_cdf() to allow for even briefer function definitions. These have been extended to allow for the use of additional named arguments to be passed to these <lambda> functions. Either .x or .t can be used for the random variable.

set_n(20)
r_cdf(~1-exp(-.x),min=0)
#>  [1] 1.00280643 0.51202178 3.15050483 0.38757920 0.16273856 1.37652755
#>  [7] 0.41813254 1.14622712 1.26543641 0.01011491 0.65036416 1.35177970
#> [13] 1.25859380 0.30105710 1.45331025 0.22260547 1.71133876 0.12983680
#> [19] 0.41169524 0.26691556

r_cdf(~1-exp(-beta*.x),beta=1:10,min=0,n=10)
#>  [1] 0.892275572 0.172501802 0.160342455 0.432735682 0.299936533 0.004011393
#>  [7] 0.133234262 0.150531530 0.004047155 0.426167250

## Code of Conduct

Please note that the rando project is released with a Contributor Code of Conduct. By contributing to this project, you agree to abide by its terms.